Single Wavelength Bidi design was hot when the fiber resource was rare and 1550nm DFB laser was expensive. This technology is under consideration again for the rare wavelength source in the Wireless backhaul and other optical access applications.
The first method is to leverage the circulator. The performance of this implementation is very good. Unfortunately, the price of circulator is still very expensive. Should the volume of circulator grow significantly, its price will drop to under $100 USD level.
The second idea is to employ a 50/50 coupler. That introduce extra 3dB penalty. The performance is worse. It is very cost effective though.
The SWSF Bidi implementation could not support high bit rate because of the reflection noise. It is fine for gigabit applications.
When the bit rate requirement is much higher, SWSF could be upgraded to Dual Wavelength Single Fiber (DWSF) implementation. It uses one wavelength for upstream, and another wavelength for downstream.
Viscore Hybrid technology makes an affordable, small factor Single-WL Single Fiber Bidi solution. We make a full function Bidi patch cord. The dimension could be as small as Φ5.5mm*L35mm
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